“Hoe veilig van psychoactieve medicatie af te komen”
Auteur: Jim Harper
Copyright 2005/2010/2011 – TX-6-486-774, 2006, TX-6-607-303, 2007
ALLE RECHTEN VOORBEHOUDEN. Geen enkel deel van dit boek mag gereproduceerd of verzonden worden, in welke vorm of op welke manier dan ook, zonder schriftelijke toestemming van de auteur. De Nederlandse versie is vertaald en verspreid met toestemming van de auteur maar valt nog steeds onder copyright. Het “De Weg Terug Programma” is een afkickprogramma voor psychoactieve medicatie waarvoor patent is aangevraagd.
Referenties:
Bloom FE, Kupfer DJ, editors. Psychopharmacology: The fourth generation of progress. New York , Raven Press; 1995. p. 1–2002.
Eliot RS, Clayton FC, Pieper GM, Todd GL. Influence of environmental stress on pathogenesis of sudden cardiac death. Fed Proc 1977; 36: 1719–24.
Krantz DS, Kop WJ, Santiago HT, Gottdiener JS. Mental stress as a trigger of myocardial ischemia and infarction. Cardiol Clin 1996; 14: 271–87.
Miller AH. Neuroendocrine and immune system interactions in stress and depression. Psychiatr Clin North Am 1998; 21: 443–63.
Corrigan FM. Depression: immunological resignation of the will to live? Med Hypotheses 1998; 50: 9–18.
Gorman JM, Kertzner R. Psychoneuroimmunology and HIV infection. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 1990; 2: 241–52.
Checkley S. The neuroendocrinology of depression and chronic stress. Br Med Bull 1996; 52: 597–617.
Spiegel D. Cancer and depression. Br J Psychiatry Suppl 1996; 30: 109–16.
File SE. Recent development in anxiety, stress, and depression. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1996; 54: 3–12.
Paykel ES. Life stress, depression, and attempted suicide. J Human Stress 1976; 2: 3–12.
Passchier J. A critical note on psychophysiological stress research into migraine patients. Cephalalgia 1994; 14: 194–8.
Marshall PS. Allergy and depression: a neurochemical threshold model of the relation between the illnesses. Psychol Bull 1993; 113: 23–43.
Hordern A. Psychopharmacology-some historical considerations. In: Joyce CRB, editor. Psychopharmacology dimensions and perspectives. Philadelphia , JB Lippincott; 1968. p. 95–148.
Ayd Jr FJ, Blackwell B, editors. Discoveries in biological psychiatry. Philadelphia , JB Lippincott; 1970. p. 254.
Caldwell AE. Origins of psychopharmacology from CPZ to LSD. Springfield , IL : Charles C Thomas; 1970. p. 225.
Swazey JP. Chlorpromazine in psychiatry. A study of therapeutic innovation. Cambridge , The MIT Press; 1974. p. 340.
Lewin L. Phantastica, narcotic and stimulating drugs. New York, EP Dutton & Co; 1964. p. 335.
Klüver H. Mescal and mechanisms of hallucinations. Chicago, University of Chicago Press; 1966. p. 108.
Efron DH, Holmstedt B, Kline NS , editors. Ethnopharmacologic search for psychoactive drugs. Public Health Service Publication No. 1645. Washington DC ; 1967. p. 468.
Siva Sankar DV. LSD: A total study. Westbury , NY : PJD Publications Ltd; 1975. p. 960.
Stillman RC, Willette RE, editors. The psychopharmacology of hallucinogens. New York , Pergamon Press; 1978. p. 338.
Schultes RE, Hofmann A. Plants of the gods. Origins of hallucinogenic use. New York , McGraw-Hill; 1979. p. 192.
Pletscher A, Ladewig D, editors. 50 Years of LSD: current status and perspectives of hallucinogens. Pearl River , The Parthenon Publishing Group; 1994. p. 238.
Macht DI, Mora CF. Effect of opium alkaloids on the behavior of rats in the circular maze. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1921; 16: 219–35.
Bovet D. Introduction to antihistamine agents and antergan derivatives. Ann NY Acad Sci 1950; 50: 1089–126.
Goodman LS, Gilman A. The pharmacological basis of therapeutics. 2nd ed. New York , The Macmillan Publishing Co Inc; 1955. p. 654.
Winter C, Flataker L. The effect of antihistaminic drugs on the performance of trained rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1951; 101: 156–62.
Courvoisier S. Pharmacodynamic basis for the use of chlorpromazine in psychiatry. J Clin Exp Psychopathol 1956; 17: 25–37.
Laborit H, Huguenard P. L’hibernation artificielle par moyens pharmacodynamiques et physiques en chirurgie. J Chir 1951a; 67: 631–41.
Laborit H, Huguenard P. L’hibernation artificielle par moyens pharmacodynamiques et physiques. Presse Méd 1951b; 59: 1329.
Laborit H, Huguenard P, Alluaume R. Un nouveau stabilisateur végétatif (le 4560 RP). Presse Méd 1952; 60: 206–8.
Delay J, Deniker P. Le traitement des psychoses par une méthode neurolytique dérivée de l’hibernothérapie. (Le 4560 R.P. utilisé seul. En cure prolongée et continue.) CR Congrès Méd Alién Neurol France 1952; 50: 497–502.
Deniker P. Introduction of neuroleptic chemotherapy into psychiatry. In: Ayd FJ, Blackwell B, editors. Discoveries in biological psychiatry. Philadelphia, JB Lippincott Co; 1970. p. 155–64.
Gordon M, Craig PN, Zirkle CL. Molecular modifications in the development of phenothiazine drugs. In: Molecular modification in drug design. Adv Chem 1964; 45: 140–47.
Janssen PAJ. The butyrophenone story. In: Ayd FJ Jr, Blackwell B, editors. Discoveries in biological psychiatry. Philadelphia, JB Lippincott Co; 1970. p. 165–79.
Schwartz H. Breakthrough: the discovery of modern medicines at Janssen. Morris Plains , NJ: The Skyline Publishing Group; 1989. p. 181.
Corssen G, Domino EF, Sweet RB. Neurolept analgesia and anesthesia. Anesth Analg 1964; 43: 748–63.
Janssen PAJ, Awouters FHL. Antipsychotic agents. In: Munson PL , Meuller RA, Breese GR, editors. Principles of pharmacology: basic concepts and clinical applications. New York , Chapman and Hall; 1995. p. 289–308.
Hofmann A. The discovery of LSD and subsequent investigations on naturally occurring hallucinogens. In: Ayd FJ Jr, Blackwell B, editors. Discoveries in biological psychiatry. Philadelphia, JB Lippincott Co; 1970. p. 91–106.
Martin WR, Sloan JW. Effects of infused tryptamine in man. Psychopharmacologia (Berl) 1970; 18: 231–37.
Domino EF. The indole hallucinogen model: is it worth pursuing? In: Sudilovsky A, Gershon S, Beer B, editors. Predictability in psychopharmacology: preclinical and clinical correlates. New York , Raven Press; 1975. p. 247–68.
Moore RH, Demetriou S, Domino EF. Effects of iproniazid, chlorpromazine, and methiothepin on DMT-induced changes in body temperature, pupillary dilation, blood pressure and EEG in the rabbit. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther 1975; 213: 64–72.
Kuhn R. The treatment of depressive states with G 22355 (imipramine hydrochloride). Am J Psychiatry 1958; 115: 459–64.
Kuhn R. The imipramine story. In: Ayd FJ, Blackwell B, editors. Discoveries in biological psychiatry. Philadelphia, JB Lippincott Co; 1970. p. 205–17.
Coppen A. Depressive states and indolealkylamines. Adv Pharmacol 1968; 6: 283–91.
Isaac L, Goth A. Interaction of antihistaminics with norepinephrine uptake: a cocaine-like effect. Life Sci 1965; 14: 1899–904.
Isaac L, Goth A. The mechanism of the potentiation of norepinephrine by antihistaminics. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1967; 156: 463–8.
Barnett A, Taber RI, Roth FE. Activity of antihistamines in laboratory antidepressant tests. Int J Neuropharmacol 1969; 8: 73–9.
Carlsson A, Linqvist M. Central and peripheral monoaminergic membrane-pump blockade by some addictive analgesics and antihistamines. J Pharm Pharmacol 1969; 21: 460–4.
Lapin IP, Oxenkrug GF. Intensification of the central serotonineric processes as a possible determinant of the thymoleptic effect. Lancet 1969; 1: 132–6.
Wong, DT, Bymaster FP, Engleman EA. Prozac (fluoxetine, Lilly 110140), the first selective serotonin uptake inhibitor and an antidepressant drug: twenty years since its first publication. Life Sci 1995; 57: 411–41.
Wong DT, Bymaster FP, Horng JS, Molloy BB. A new selective inhibitor for uptake of serotonin into synaptosomes of rat brain: 3-(p-trifluoromethylphenoxy) N-methyl-3- phenylpropylamine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1975; 193: 804–11.
Biel JH. Some rationales for the development of antidepressant drugs. Molecular modification in drug design. Adv Chem 1964; 45: 114–39.
Schatzberg AF, Schildkraut JJ. Recent studies on norepinephine systems in mood disorders. In: Bloom FE, Kupfer DJ, editors. Psychopharmacology: the fourth generation of progress. New York , Raven Press; 1995. p. 911–20.
Willmer P. Dopaminergic mechanisms in depression and mania. In: Bloom FE, Kupfer DJ, editors. Psychopharmacology: the fourth generation of progress. New York , Raven Press; 1995. p. 921–32.
Maes M, Meltzer HY. The serotonin hypothesis of major depression. In: Bloom FE, Kupfer DJ, editors. Psychopharmacology: the fourth generation of progress. New York , Raven Press; 1995. p. 933–44.
Janowsky DS, Overstreet, DH. The role of acetylcholine mechanisms in mood disorders. Chapter 82.In: Bloom FE, Kupfer DJ, editors Psychopharmacology The Fourth Generation of Progress. New York , Raven Press, 1995. p. 945–956.
Holsboer F. Neuroendocrinology of mood disorders. Chapter 83.In: Bloom FE, Kupfer DJ, editors Psychopharmacology The Fourth Generation of Progress. New York , Raven Press; 1995. p. 957–970.
Plotsky PM, Owens MJ, Nemeroff CB. Neuropeptide alterations in mood disorders. Chapter 84.In: Bloom FE, Kupfer DJ editors Psychopharmacology The Fourth Generation of Progress. New York , Raven Press; 1995. p. 971–982.
Irwin M. Psychoneuroimmunology of depression. In: Bloom FE, Kupfer DJ, editors. Psychopharmacology: the fourth generation of progress. New York , Raven Press; 1995. p. 983–98.
Wirz-Justice A. Biological rhythms in mood disorders. In: Bloom FE, Kupfer DJ, editors. Psychopharmacology: the fourth generation of progress. New York , Raven Press; 1995. p. 999–1018.
Parry BL. Mood disorders linked to the reproductive cycle in women. In: Bloom FE, Kupfer DJ, editors. Psychopharmacology: the fourth generation of progress. New York , Raven Press; 1995. p. 1029–42.
Nathan KI, Musselman DL, Schatzberg AF, Nemeroff CB. Biology of mood disorders. In: Schatzberg AF, Nemeroff CB, editors. Textbook of psychopharmacology. Washington, The American Psychiatric Press; 1995. p. 439–77.
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2005 Sep;29(7):1140-51.
The central nervous system in animal models of hyperhomocysteinemia.
Nutrition and Neurocognition Laboratory and Vitamin Metabolism and Aging Laboratory, The Jean MayerUSDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University , 711 Washington Street , BostonMA
Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003;(4):CD004514. Folic acid with or without vitamin B12 for cognition and dementia. Dept. of Clinical Geratology, Cochrane Dementia and Cognitive Improvement Group, Radcliffe Infirmary, Woodstock Road , Oxford , UK
Annu Rev Nutr. 1999;19:217-46. Homocysteine metabolism. Jean Mayer USDA Human NutritionResearch Center on Aging, Tufts University , Boston , Massachusetts
Clin Chem Lab Med. 2003 Nov;41(11):1392-403 DACH-LIGA homocysteine (German, Austrian and Swiss homocysteine society): consensus paper on the rational clinical use of homocysteine, folic acid and B-vitamins in cardiovascular and thrombotic diseases: guidelines and recommendations.
Recenti Prog Med. 2004 Jul-Aug;95(7-8):371-5 Hyperhomocysteinemia in neurologic diseases
verder te lezen
Altern Med Rev. 2003 Feb;8(1):7-19 The methionine-homocysteine cycle and its effects on cognitive diseases.Thorne Research, P.O. Box 25 , Dover , ID
WMJ. 1999 Dec;98(8):51-4 Hyperhomocysteinemia: an additional cardiovascular risk factor. MedicalCollege of Wisconsin , USA
Ann Clin Biochem. 2003 Jan;40(Pt 1):46-59 Genetics of hyperhomocysteinaemia in cardiovascular disease. Laboratory of Pediatrics and Neurology, University Medical Centre Nijmegen , PO Box 9101 , 6500 HB Nijmegen , The Netherlands
Nutr Clin Care. 2002 May-Jun;5(3):124-32 Folate, homocysteine, and neurological function. Nutritional Epidemiology Program, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, 9th Floor, Boston, MA
Trends Neurosci. 2003 Mar;26(3):137-46 Folate and homocysteine metabolism in neural plasticity and neurodegenerative disorders. Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Gerontology Research Center, National Institutes of health, 5600 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, MD
CMAJ. 2000 Jul 11;163(1):21-9. Preventive health care, 2000 update: screening and management of hyperhomocysteinemia for the prevention of coronary artery disease events. The Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care.
J Neurochem. 2002 Jan;80(1):101-10 Dietary folate deficiency and elevated homocysteine levels endanger dopaminergic neurons in models of Parkinson’s disease.
Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging Gerontology Research Center , Baltimore ,Maryland
Hematology (Am Soc Hematol Educ Program). 2003;:62-81 Update on cobalamin, folate, and homocysteine New York Methodist Hospital , Brooklyn , NY
Eur J Pediatr. 1998 Apr;157 Suppl 2:S122-6 Relevance of vitamins, homocysteine and other metabolites in neuropsychiatric disorders. Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center ,Denver
Clin Chem Lab Med. 2003 Nov;41(11):1427-34 The role of genetic factors in the development of hyperhomocysteinemia. Department of Clinical Chemistry, Saarland Medical School , Homburg , Germany
Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2002 Sep;17(9):859-64 Homocysteine in neuropsychiatric disorders of the elderly Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
Lancet Neurol. 2003 Jul;2(7):425-8 Homocysteine and Alzheimer’s disease.
Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at TuftsUniversity , Boston , MA
Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2002 Sep;5(5):511-7 Methods for measuring sulfur amino acid metabolism. Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, and Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Arch Neurol. 2000 Oct;57(10):1422-7 Homocysteine and neurologic disease.
Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
Nutr Rev. 1996 Dec;54(12):382-90 Folate, vitamin B12, and neuropsychiatric disorders. Kimberly H. Courtwright and Joseph W. Summers Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor University Medical Center ,Dallas , Texas
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2000 Mar;24(3):259-64 Effect of chronic alcohol consumption on total plasma homocysteine level in rats. Department of Gastroenterology, Stiftsklinik Augustinum, Munchen , Germany
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2003 Jun;60(6):618-26 Folate, vitamin B12, homocysteine, and the MTHFR 677C->T polymorphism in anxiety and depression: the Hordaland Homocysteine Study.
Department of Public Health and Primary Health Care, Locus for Homocysteine and Related Vitamins,University of Bergen , Norway
J Nutr Health Aging. 2002;6(1):39-42 Folate, vitamin B12 and vitamin B6 and one carbon metabolism. JMUSDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University , Boston , MA , USA
Hypertension. 2001 Nov;38(5):1217-21 Hyperhomocysteinemia in liver cirrhosis: mechanisms and role in vascular and hepatic fibrosis. Division de Hepatologia y Terapia Genica, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona , Spain
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2000 Aug;69(2):228-32 Homocysteine, folate, methylation, and monoamine metabolism in depression.
Department of Neurology, King’s College Hospital , London , UK
Alcohol. 2005 Apr;35(3):227-34 Role of methionine adenosyltransferase and S-adenosylmethionine in alcohol-associated liver cancer. USC Research Center for Liver Diseases, USC-UCLA Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases, Keck School of Medicine USC, Los Angeles, CA
Alcohol. 2005 Apr;35(3):205-11 Alcohol and pancreatic cancer
Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California , Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA 90095 , USA
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2005 Jul 19 Epoxidation of the methamphetamine pyrolysis product, trans-phenylpropene, to trans-phenylpropylene oxide by CYP enzymes and stereoselective glutathione adduct formation. Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University , 1 Medical Center Drive , Morgantown , WV
Hepatology. 2005 Aug;42(2):400-10 Induction of cytochrome P450 2E1 increases hepatotoxicity caused by Fas agonistic Jo2 antibody in mice.
Department of Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine , One Gustave L. Levy Place , New York , NY
Brain Res. 2005 Aug 9;1052(2):202-11 Mitochondrially targeted vitamin E and vitamin E mitigate ethanol-mediated effects on cerebellar granule cell antioxidant defense systems.
Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida , Gainesville , 32611, USA
Neurosci Lett. 2005 Mar 11;376(2):98-101 Melatonin enhances the in vitro and in vivo repair of severed rat sciatic axons. Section of Neurobiology, The University of Texas at Austin , 1 University Station 0C0920,Austin , TX
J Neural Transm. 2005 Mar;112(3):349-58. Epub 2005 Jan 24
Antioxidant capacity of the neurohormone melatonin.
Neuroscience Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston , MA , USA
J Pineal Res. 2005 Jan;38(1):1-9 Melatonin mitigates mitochondrial malfunction.
Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center , San Antonio ,TX
Pol J Pharmacol. 2004 Mar-Apr;56(2):159-70 Pharmacological utility of melatonin in reducing oxidative cellular and molecular damage. Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, MC 7762 San Antonio, TX
Mayo Clin Proc. 2005 Oct;80(10):1307-15 Cardiovascular toxicities of performance-enhancing substances in sports. Department of Clinical Care Research, Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts University-New England Medical Center, Boston, MA
The Journal of the American Medical Association – JAMA – Recombinant Leptin for Weight Loss in Obese and Lean Adults A Randomized, Controlled, Dose-Escalation Trial
Massachusetts General Hospital , Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit, Boston 02114 , USA .
Neurol Psychiatry 2001 – Weight changes during pharmacological treatment are a well-known phenomenon and they have been an object of research since the 1950’s.
Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine , University of Florida , McKnight Brain Institute,Gainesville , Florida – Ghrelin stimulates and leptin inhibits appetite by modulating neuropeptide Y (NPY) signaling in the hypothalamus.
EFA Sciences LLC, Norwood, Massachusetts – Obesity may be a low-grade systemic inflammatory disease
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School
Glucocorticoids reverse Leptin effects on food intake and body fat in mice without increasing NPY and mRNA.
Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee College of medicine.
Inhibition of cortisol biosynthesis decreases circulating leptin levels in obese humans.
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and metabolism, Washington University School of Medicine. Hormonal regulation of human leptin in vivo; effects of hydrocortisone and insulin.
University of Milan- Effect of small dose of dexamethasone on plasma leptin levels in normal obese subjects; a dose-response study.
Laboratory of Physiology, University Libre de Bruxelles
Metabolic and endocrine effects of sleep deprivation.
Concept Therapeutics, Menlo Park , CA . The efficacy of mifepristone in the reduction and prevention of olanzapine-induced weight gain in rats.
Neurobiology Division, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans Rapid Glucocorticoid actions in the hypothalamus as a mechanism of homeostatic integration.
Bass, Allan D. Drugs Affecting adrenocortical function. Postgraduate Medicine, 1965, 37, 82.
Behavioral Psychopharmacology Research Laboratory, McLean Hospital , Harvard Medical School ,Belmont , MA . Effects of acute metabolic stress on the peripheral vasopressinergic system in schizophrenia. 2003 Sep;17(3):317-23.
Blaine , T.R. Goodbye allergies. New York ; Citadel Press, 1965.
Britton, S.W. & Silvette, H. The effects of cortico-adrenal extract on carbohydrate metabolism in normal animals. American Journal of Physiology, 1932, 100, 693-700.
Bunney, W.E., Jr., Mason, J.W., Roatch, J.F., & Hamburg , D.A. A psychoendocrine study of severe psychotic depressive crises. American Journal of Psychiatry, 1965, 122, 72-80.
Bunney, W.E., Jr., Mason, J.W., & Hamburg , D.A., Correlations between behavioral variables and urinary 17-Hydroxy-corticosteroids in depressed patients. Psychosomatic Medicine, 1965, 27, 299-308.
Cahill, G.F. Advances in enzyme regulations. Vol. 2. New York ; Macmillian Company, 1964.
Connason, B.F., & Ryberg, R.A. Stress conditioning in schizophrenia and neurotic disorders, Diseases of the Nervous System. 1957, 18, 7.
Curtis, G. C., Cleghorn, R.A., & Sourkes, T.L. The relationship between affect and the excretion of adrenaline, noradrenaline, and 17-hydroxycorticosteroids. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 1960, 4, 176-184.
David H. P. Streeten, MB, DPhil, FRCP. The Nature of Chronic Fatigue. JAMA. 1998;280:1094-1095.
Department of Pharmacology, Center for Serotonin Disorders Research, Loyola University of Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois. Serotonin and the neuroendocrine regulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary-adrenal axis in health and disease. 2003;66:189-255.
Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science , Peking University Curcumin reverses the effects of chronic stress on behavior, the HPA axis, BDNF expression and phosphorylation of CREB.
Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine , University of Milano , Italy . Fluoxetine reduces inflammatory edema in the rat: involvement of the pituitary-adrenal axis. 1994 Sep 22;263(1-2):81-4.
Department of Physiology, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus . Cardiovascular activation by serotonergic stimulation: role of corticotropin-releasing factor. 1994 Sep;267( 3 Pt 2):R859-64.
Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland . Novel approaches to the treatment of depression by modulating the hypothalamic – pituitary – adrenal axis. 2001 Jan;16(1):89-93.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne , Austin Hospital , Heidelberg , Victoria , Australia . Prospects for the treatment of depression. 2006 May;40(5):394-401.
Departments of Psychology and Biology and Centers for Neuroscience and Life Sciences Research, The University at Albany , State University of New York , United States . Progestins influence motivation, reward, conditioning, stress, and/or response to drugs of abuse. 2006 Sep 14;
Developmental Endocrinology Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development,Bethesda , MD. Interaction between GABAergic neurotransmission and rat hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion in vitro. 1988 Oct 25;463(1):28-36
Division of Psychological Medicine, Section of Neurobiology of Mood Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry,University of London , London , UK . The hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis, glucocorticoid receptor function and relevance to depression.
Freud , S.A. General introduction to psychoanalysis(translated by Joan Riviere) Garden City New York ; Garden City Publishing Co. 1943.
Graham, B.F., & R.A. Cleghorn, R.A. Changes in the circulating leukocytes following electrically induced convulsions in man. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology, 1951, 11, 1469.
Harvard Encyclopedia, 1891 Volume 23.
Hoffer, A., Osmond, H., Callbeck, M.J. & Kahan, I. Treatment of schizophrenia with nicotinic acid and nicotinamide. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Psychopathology, 1957, 18, 131-158.
Ingle, D.J. The chemistry and physiology of hormones. Washington , D.C. : American Association for the Advancement of Science, Smithsonian Institution, 1944.
Institute of Endocrinology and Haematology, University of Sassari , Italy . Adrenergic stimulation of the human pituitary-adrenal axis is attenuated by an analog of met-enkephalin. 1991 Jan;53(1):41-6.
International Medical Director CNS & Cardiovascular, Organon Inc., 375 Mt. Pleasant Avenue, West Orange , NJ . On the feasibility of designing new antidepressants. 2001 Jan;16(1):53-59
Larsen, Virginia L. Physical characteristics of disturbed adolescents. Archives of General Psychiatry, 1964, 10, 55-64.
Long, C.N.H., Katzin, B. & Fry, E.G. The adrenal cortex and carbohydrate metabolism. Endocrinology, 1950, 26, 309.
Lorah D. Dorn, PhD, RN, CPNP; Stacie F. Hitt, PhD, RN; Deborah Rotenstein, MD. Biopsychological and Cognitive Differences in Children With Premature vs On-Time Adrenarche. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1999;153:137-146.
Lynne Lamberg. Psychiatrists Explore Legacy of Traumatic Stress in Early Life. JAMA. 2001;286:523-526.
Meyer, A. Commonsense psychiatry. New York : McGraw Hill, 1948.
Neuroendocrinology Dept., Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, Marymoncka 99, 01-813 Warsaw ,Poland . The effect of cocaine-amphetamine regulated transcript (CART) on the activation of the pituitary-adrenal axis. 2006 Apr 25;27(1-2):60-62
Paul S. Ciechanowski, MD, MPH; Wayne J. Katon, MD; Joan E. Russo, PhD. Depression and Diabetes Impact of Depressive Symptoms on Adherence, Function, and Costs Arch Intern Med. 2000;160:3278-3285.
Persky, H., Maroc, J., Conrad, E. & Den Breeijen, A. Blood corticotropin and adrenal weight-maintenance factor levels of anxious patients and normal subjects. Psychosomatic Medicine, 1959, 21, 379-386.
Plager, J.E. & Matsui, N. In vitro demonstration of the anti-insulin action of cortisol on glucose metabolism. Endocrinology, 1966, 78, 1154.
Portis, S.A. Life situation, emotions and hyperinsulinism. Journal of the American Medical Association 1950, 142, 1281.
Portis, S.A. & Zitman, I.H. Mechanism of fatigue in neuropsychiatric patients, Journal of the American Medical Association, 1943, 121, 569.
Physician’s guidelines of diagnosis and treatment of hypoglycemia or the hypoadrenocortical state. The Hypoglycemia Foundation, Scarsdale , New York , 1966.
Psychobiology Research Group, School of Neurology, Neurobiology and Psychiatry, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK. Evidence of basal pituitary-adrenal overactivity in first episode, drug naive patients with schizophrenia. 2004 Sep;29(8):1065-70.
Roberts, H.J. The roles of diabetogenic hyperinsulinism in pathogenesis of prostatic hyperplasia and malignancy. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 1966, 14, 795.
Robin McKenzie, MD; Ann O’Fallon, RN; Janet Dale, RN, MPH; Mark Demitrack, MD; Geetika Sharma, MD; Maria Deloria; Diego Garcia-Borreguero, MD; William Blackwelder, PhD; Stephen E. Straus, MD.Low-Dose Hydrocortisone for Treatment of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. JAMA. 1998;280:1061-1066.
Section on Clinical Pharmacology, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda , MD. Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and monoamine transmitter activity in depression: a pilot study of central and peripheral effects of electroconvulsive therapy. 1991 Feb 1;29(3):253-64.
Selye, H. The general adaptation syndrome and the diseases of adaptation. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology, 1946, 6, 117.
Simon, G.B. & Gillies, S.M. Some physical characteristics of a group of psychotic children. British Journal of Psychiatry, 1964, 110, 104-107.
Stern H. Serotonin, and its effects on the pituitary-adrenal axis in depression. 1970;29(1):24-30.
Suicidal Risk in Antidepressant Drug Trials Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2006;63:246-248.
Suwa, N., Yamashita, I. , Owada, H., Shinohara, S., & Nakazawa, K. Psychic state and adrenocortical function: A psychophysiologic study of emotion. Journal of Nervous Mental Diseases, 1962, 134, 268-276.
Tintera, J.W. The hypoadrenocortical state and its management. New York State Journal of Medicine, 1955, 55, 1869.
Tintera, J.W., Stabilizing homeostasis in the recovered alcoholic through endocrine therapy: Evaluation of the hypoglycemic factor. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 1966, 14, 126.
Tintera, J.W. & Lovell, H.W. Endocrine treatment of alcoholism. Geriatrics, 1949, 4, 274.
University Department of Medicine, Greenslopes Hospital , Brisbane , Australia . Alprazolam blocks the naloxone-stimulated hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis in man. 1993 Feb;76(2):388-91.
Bertilsson L, Dahl ML, Dalen P, Al-Shurbaji A: Molecular genetics of CYP2D6: clinical relevance with focus on psychotropic drugs. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2002 Feb;53(2):111-122
Bradford LD. CYP2D6 allele frequency in European Caucasians, Asians, Africans and their descendants. Pharmacogenomics. 2002 Mar;3 (2):229-43.
Brockmoller J et.al. Pharmacogenetic diagnosis of cytochrome P450 polymorphisms in clinical drug development and in drug treatment. Pharmacogenetics. 2000:1:125-51.
Cozza KL, Armstrong SC , Oesterheld JR (2003) Drug Interaction principles for Medical Practice. American Psychiatric Publishing Inc
Kirchheiner J, Nickchen K, Bauer M, Wong ML, Licinio J, Roots I, Brockmoller J. Pharmacogenetics of antidepressants and antipsychotics: the contribution of allelic variations to the phenotype of drug response. Mol Psychiatry. 2004 May;9(5):442-73.
Kirchheiner J, Brosen K, Dahl ML, et al.: CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 genotype-based dose recommendations for antidepressants: a first step towards subpopulation-specific dosages. Acta Psych Scand 2001 Sept;104(3):173-192
Lam YWF, Gaedigk A, Ereshefsy L, et al: CYP2D6 inhibition by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: analysis of achievable steady-state plasma concentrations and the effect of ultrarapid metabolism at CYP2D6. Pharmacotherapy 2002;22:1001-1006
Linder MW and Valdes RJr. Pharmacogenetics in the Practice of Laboratory Medicine. Molecular Diagnosis. 1999;4:365-79
Lundqvist E, Johansson I, Ingelman-Sundberg M: Genetic mechanisms for duplication and multiduplication of the human CYP2D6 gene and methods for detection of duplicated CYP2D6 genes. Gene 1999 Jan 21;226(2):327-338
Marez D, Legrand M, Sabbagh N, Guidice JM, Spire C, Lafitte JJ, Meyer UA, Broly F. Polymorphism of the cytochrome P450 CYP2D6 gene in a European population: characterization of 48 mutations and 53 alleles, their frequencies and evolution. Pharmacogenetics. 1997 Jun;7(3):193-202.
Shulman RW, Ozdemir V. Psychotropic medications and cytochrome P450 2D6: pharmacokinetic considerations in the elderly. Can J Psychiatry. 1997 Jun;42 Suppl 1:4S-9S.
Zackrisson AL, Lindblom B. Identification of CYP2D6 alleles by single nucleotide polymorphism analysis using pyrosequencing. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2003 Oct;59 (7):521-6.
De Morais SM, Wilkinson GR, Blaisdell J, Nakamura K, Meyer UA, Goldstein JA, The major genetic defect responsible for the polymorphism of S-mephenytoin metabolism in humans. J Biol Chem. 1994 Jun 3;269(22):15419-22
Goldstein JA, Ishizaki T, Chiba K, de Morais SM, Bell D, Krahn PM, Evans DA. Frequencies of the defective CYP2C19 alleles responsible for the mephenytoin poor metabolizer phenotype in various Oriental, Caucasian, Saudi Arabian and American black populations. Pharmacogenetics 1997, 7: 59-64
Ferguson RJ, De Morais SM, Benhamou S, Bouchardy C, Blaisdell J, Ibeanu G, Wilkinson GR, Sarich TC, Wright JM, Dayer P, Goldstein JA. A new genetic defect in human CYP2C19: mutation of the initiation codon is responsible for poor metabolism of S-mephenytoin. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1998 Jan;284(1):356-61.
Xiao ZS, Goldstein JA, Xie HG, Blaisdell J, Wang W, Jiang CH, Yan FX, He N, Huang SL, Xu ZH, Zhou HH. Differences in the incidence of the CYP2C19 polymorphism affecting the S-mephenytoin phenotype in Chinese Han and Bai populations and identification of a new rare CYP2C19 mutant allele. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1997 Apr;281(1):604-9.
Blaisdell J, Mohrenweiser H, Jackson J, Ferguson S, Coulter S, Chanas B, Xi T, Ghanayem B, Goldstein JA.. Identification and functional characterization of new potentially defective alleles of human CYP2C19. Pharmacogenetics. 2002 Dec;12(9):703-11.
Brockmoller J et.al. Pharmacogenetic diagnosis of cytochrome P450 polymorphisms in clinical drug development and in drug treatment. Pharmacogenetics. 2000:1:125-51.
Kirchheiner J, Brosen K, Dahl ML, et al.: CYP2D6 and CYPSC19 genotype-based dose recommendations for antidepressants: a first step towards subpopulation-specific dosages. Acta Psych Scand 2001 Sept;104(3):173-192
Ibeanu GC, Blaisdell J, Ghanayem BI, Beyeler C, Benhamou S, Bouchardy C, Wilkinson GR, Dayer P, Daly AK, Goldstein JA. An additional defective allele, CYP2C19*5, contributes to the S-mephenytoin poor metabolizer phenotype in Caucasians. Pharmacogenetics. 1998 Apr;8(2):129-35
Ibeanu GC, Goldstein JA, Meyer U, Benhamou S, Bouchardy C, Dayer P, Ghanayem BI, Blaisdell J. Identification of new human CYP2C19 alleles (CYP2C19*6 and CYP2C19*2B) in a Caucasian poor metabolizer of mephenytoin. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1998 Sep;286(3):1490-5
Cozza KL, Armstrong SC , Oesterheld JR (2003) Drug Interaction principles for Medical Practice. American Psychiatric Publishing Inc
Linder MW and Valdes RJr. Pharmacogenetics in the Practice of Laboratory Medicine. Molecular Diagnosis. 1999;4:365-79. Mol Pharmacol. 1994 Oct;46(4):594-8
De Morais SM, Wilkinson GR, Blaisdell J, Meyer UA, Nakamura K, Goldstein JA. Identification of a new genetic defect responsible for the polymorphism of (S)-mephenytoin metabolism in Japanese. Mol Pharmacol. 1994 Oct;46(4):594-8
Aynacioglu AS, et al. Frequency of cytochrome P450 CYP2C9 variants in a Turkish population and functional relevance for phenytoin. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1999; 48(3):409-415
Bertilsson L et al (1993) Molecular basis for rational megaprescribing in ultrarapid hydroxylators of debrisoquine. Lancet 341:63
Brockmoller J et.al. Pharmacogenetic diagnosis of cytochrome P450 polymorphisms in clinical drug development and in drug treatment. Pharmacogenetics. 2000:1:125-51.
Chang TK, et al. Enhanced cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide activation in primary human hepatocyte cultures: response to cytochrome P-450 inducers and autoinduction by oxazaphosphorines. Cancer Res 1997; 57(10):1946-54.
Cozza KL, Armstrong SC , Oesterheld JR (2003) Drug Interaction principles for Medical Practice. American Psychiatric Publishing Inc
Hamman MA, Thompson GA, Hall SD. Regioselective and stereoselective metabolism of ibuprofen by human cytochrome P450 2C . Biochem Pharmacol 1997; 54(1):33-41.
Higashi MK, Veenstra DL, Kondo LM, Wittkowsky AK, Srinouanprachanh SL, Farin FM, Rettie AE. Association between CYP2C9 genetic variants and anticoagulation-related outcomes during warfarin therapy. JAMA. 2002 Apr 3;287(13):1690-8.
Ho PC, et al. Influence of CYP2C9 genotypes on the formation of a hepatotoxic metabolite of valproic acid in human liver microsomes. Pharmacogenomics J 2003; 3(6):335-42.
Kirchheiner J, Brockmoller J. Clinical consequences of cytochrome P450 2C9 polymorphisms. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2005 Jan;77(1):1-16.
Kirchheiner J, Tsahuridu M, Jabrane, W, Roots I, Brockmoller J. The CYP2C9 polymorphism: from enzyme kinetics to clinical dose recommendations Personalized Med 2004 1(1) 63-84
Joffe HV, Johnson XR, Longtine J, Kucher N and Goldhaber SZ. warfarin dosing and Cytochrome P450 2C9 polymorphisms, Thromb Haemost; 2004 Jun;91(6):1123-8
Linder MW and Valdes RJr. Pharmacogenetics in the Practice of Laboratory Medicine. Molecular Diagnosis. 1999;4:365-79
Miners J. CYP2C9 polymorphism: impact on tolbutamide pharmacokinetics and response. Pharmacogenetics 2002; 12(2):91-2.
Peyvandi F, Spreafico M, Siboni SM, Moia M and Mannucci PM. Cyp2C9 genotypes and dose requirements during the induction phase of oral anticoagulation therapy. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2004; 75(3):198-203
Scordo MG, et al. Genetic polymorphism of cytochrome P450 2C9 in a Caucasian and a black African population. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2001; 52(4):447-450.
Takahashi H, Echizen H. Pharmacogenetics of warfarin elimination and its clinical implications. Clin Pharmacokinet 2001; 40(8):587-603.
Rettie AE, et al. Impaired (S)-warfarin metabolism catalysed by the R144C allelic variant of CYP2C9.Pharmacogenetics 1994; 4(1):39-42.
Chida M, Yokoi T, Fukui T, Kinoshita M, Yokota J, Kamataki T. Detection of three genetic polymorphisms in the 5′-flanking region and intron 1 of human CYP1A2 in the Japanese population. Jpn J Cancer Res. 1999 Sep;90(9):899-902
Basile VS, Masellis M, Potkin SG, Kennedy JL.Pharmacogenomics in schizophrenia: the quest for individualized therapy. Hum Mol Genet. 2002 Oct 1;11(20):2517-30
Cozza KL, Armstrong SC, Oesterheld JR (2003) Drug Interaction principles for Medical Practice. American Psychiatric Publishing Inc
Eap CB, Bender S, Sirot EJ, Cucchia G, Jonzier-Perey M, Baumann P, Allorge D, Broly F. Nonresponse to clozapine and ultrarapid CYP1A2 activity: clinical data and analysis of CYP1A2 gene. Clin Psychopharmacol. 2004 Apr;24(2):214-9
Eleni Aklillu, Juan Antonio Carrillo, Eyasu Makonnen, Karin Hellman, Marià Pitarque, Leif Bertilsson, and Magnus Ingelman-Sundberg. Genetic Polymorphism of CYP1A2 in Ethiopians Affecting Induction and Expression: Characterization of Novel Haplotypes with Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Intron 1. 2003 Mol Pharmacol 64:659-669
Faber MS, Fuhr U. Time response of cytochrome P450 1A2 activity on cessation of heavy smoking. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2004 Aug;76(2):178-84.
Granfors MT, Backman JT, Neuvonen M, Neuvonen PJ. Ciprofloxacin greatly increases concentrations and hypotensive effect of tizanidine by inhibiting its cytochrome P450 1A2-mediated presystemic metabolism. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2004 Dec;76(6):598-606
Hamdy SI, Hiratsuka M, Narahara K, Endo N, El-Enany M, Moursi N, Ahmed MS, Mizugaki M. Genotyping of four genetic polymorphisms in the CYP1A2 gene in the Egyptian population. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2003 Mar;55(3):321-4
Hong CC, Tang BK, Hammond GL, Tritchler D, Yaffe M, Boyd NF. Cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) activity and risk factors for breast cancer: a cross-sectional study. Breast Cancer Res. 2004;6(4):R352-65. Epub 2004 May 07
Lewis DF, Lake BG , Dickins M. Substrates of human cytochromes P450 from families CYP1 and CYP2: analysis of enzyme selectivity and metabolism. Drug Metabol Drug Interact. 2004;20(3):111-42.
Nakajima M, Yokoi T, Mizutani M, Kinoshita M, Funayama M, Kamataki T. Genetic polymorphism in the 5′-flanking region of human CYP1A2 gene: effect on the CYP1A2 inducibility in humans. J Biochem ( Tokyo). 1999 Apr;125(4):803-8
Sachse C, Brockmoller J, Bauer S, Roots I. Functional significance of a C–>A polymorphism in intron 1 of the cytochrome P450 CYP1A2 gene tested with caffeine. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1999 Apr;47(4):445-9
Solus JF, Arietta BJ, Harris JR, Sexton DP, Steward JQ, McMunn C, Ihrie P, Mehall JM, Edwards TL, Dawson EP. Genetic variation in eleven phase I drug metabolism genes in an ethnically diverse population. Pharmacogenomics. 2004 Oct;5(7):895-931.
Bertilsson L. et.al. Molecular basis for rational megaprescribing in ultrarapid hydroxylators of debrisoquine. Lancet 1993;341:63.
Brockmoller J et.al. Pharmacogenetic diagnosis of cytochrome P450 polymorphisms in clinical drug development and in drug treatment. Pharmacogenetics. 2000:1:125-51.
Evans, William E. and McLeod, Howard L. Pharmacogenomics — Drug Disposition, Drug Targets, and Side Effects. New England Journal of Medicine 2003; 348:538-549.
Guttmacher, Alan E. and Collins, Francis S. Genomic Medicine — A Primer. New England Journal of Medicine 2002; 347:1512-1520.
Heim M and Meyer UA. Genotyping of poor metabolisers of debrisoquine by allele-specific PCR amplification. Lancet 1990; 336:529-532.
Kalow W and Grant DM. Pharmacogenetics – The metabolic and molecular bases of inherited disease.1995. Scriver CR, et al, eds. New York : McGraw-Hill, Inc., 293-326.
Kirchheiner J et al. Pharmacogenetics of antidepressants and antipsychotics: the contribution of allelic variations to the phenotype of drug response. Molecular Psychiatry 2004 9, 442-473
Linder MW, Valdes R, Jr. Genetic mechanisms for variability in drug response and toxicity. J Anal Toxicol 2001;25:405-13.
Linder MW, Valdes R, Jr. Pharmacogenetics in the practice of laboratory medicine. Mol Diagn 1999;4:365-79.
Linder MW, Valdes R, Jr. Fundamentals and applications of pharmacogenetics for the clinical laboratory.Ann Clin Lab Sci 1999;29:140-9.
Linder MW, Prough RA, Valdes R, Jr. Pharmacogenetics: a laboratory tool for optimizing therapeutic efficiency. Clin Chem 1997;43:254-66.
Steen VM, et al. Detection of the poor metabolizer-associated CYP2D6(D) gene deletion by long-PCR technology. Pharmacogenetics 1995; 5:215-223.
Van der Weide J and Steijns LSW. Cytochrome P450 enzyme system: genetic polymorphisms and impact on clinical pharmacology. Ann Clin Biochem 1999; 36:722-729.
Weinshilboum, Richard. Inheritance and Drug Response New England Journal of Medicine 2003; 348:529-537
Wolf CR and Smith G. Pharmacogenetics. Br Med Bull 1999; 55(2):366-386.
Ambrosone, C. B., J. L. Freudenheim, et al. (1999). “Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) genetic polymorphisms, dietary antioxidants, and risk of breast cancer.” Cancer Res 59(3): 602-6.
Bailey, L.B., J.F. Gregory . (1999).”Polymorphisms of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and other enzymes: metabolic significance, risks and impact on folate requirement.” J Nutr 129(5): 919-22
Bailey, L.B., J.F. Gregory. (1999). “Folate metabolism and requirements.” J Nutr 129(4): 779-82
Borgstahl, G. E., H. E. Parge, et al. (1996). “Human mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase polymorphic variant Ile58Thr reduces activity by destabilizing the tetrameric interface.” Biochemistry 35(14): 4287-97.
Bosron, W.F., L. Ting-Kai (1986). “Genetic polymorphism of human liver alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases, and their relationship to alcohol metabolism and alcoholism.” Hepatology 6(3): 502 – 510
Chango, A., F. Boisson, et al. (2000). “The effect of 677C–>T and 1298A–>C mutations on plasma homocysteine and 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase activity in healthy subjects.” Br J Nutr 83(6): 593-6.
Cheng, T., Z. Zhu et al. (2001). “Effects of multinutrient supplementation on antioxidant defense systems in healthy human beings.” J Nutr Biochem 12(7): 388-395.
Chistyakov, D. A., Savost’anov, et al. (2001). “Polymorphisms in the Mn-SOD and EC-SOD genes and their relationship to diabetic neuropathy in type 1 diabetes mellitus.” BMC Med Genet 2(1): 4.
Cosma, G., F. Crofts, et al. (1993). “Relationship between genotype and function of the human CYP1A1 gene.” J Toxicol Environ Health 40(2-3): 309-16.
Crabb, D. W., H. J. Edenberg, et al. (1989). “Genotypes for aldehyde dehydrogenase deficiency and alcohol sensitivity. The inactive ALDH2(2) allele is dominant.” J Clin Invest 83(1): 314-6.
Crofts, F., E. Taioli, et al. (1994). “Functional significance of different human CYP1A1 genotypes.” Carcinogenesis 15(12): 2961-3.
Cronin K A, Krebs-Smith S M, Feuer E J, Troiano R P, Ballard-Barbash R. (2001 May). “Evaluating the impact of population changes in diet, physical activity, and weight status on population risk for colon cancer ( United States )”. Cancer Causes Control 12(4):305-16.
Dekou, V., P. Whincup, et al. (2001). “The effect of the C677T and A1298C polymorphisms in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene on homocysteine levels in elderly men and women from the British regional heart study.” Atherosclerosis 154(3): 659-66.
Department of Health, London ; Stationary Office (2000). Committee on Medical Aspects of Food and Nutrition Policy. Folic acid and the prevention of disease.
Fennell, T. R., J. P. MacNeela, et al. (2000). “Hemoglobin adducts from acrylonitrile and ethylene oxide in cigarette smokers: effects of glutathione S-transferase T1-null and M1-null genotypes.” Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 9(7): 705-12.
Fohr I.O., R. Prinz-Lnagenohl, et al. (2002). “10-Methyleneterahydrofolate reductase genotype determines the plasma homocysteine-lowering effect of supplementation with 5-methyltetrahydrofolate or folic acid in healthy young women.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 75: 275 – 82
Fontana, R. J., K. S. Lown, et al. (1999). “Effects of a chargrilled meat diet on expression of CYP3A, CYP1A, and P- glycoprotein levels in healthy volunteers.” Gastroenterology 117(1): 89-98.
Fowke JH, Longcope C, Hebert JR. (2000) “Brassica Vegetable Consumption Shifts Estrogen Metabolism in Healthy Postmenopausal Women.” Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 9(8):773-779.
Gao, X., T. Albena, Dinkova-Kostova, P. Talalay (2001). “Powerful and prolonged protection of human retinal pigment epithelial cells, keratinocytes, and mouse leukemia cells against oxidative damage: The indirect antioxidant effects of sulforaphane.” PNAS 98(26): 15221 – 15226.
Getahun SM, Chung FL.. (1999). “Conversion of glucosinolates to isothiocyanates in humans after ingestion of cooked watercress.” Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers Preview 8(5): 447 – 451.
Giovannucci, E. (1999). “Nutritional factors in human cancers.” Adv Exp Med Biol 472: 29-42.
Giovannucci, E. M.J. Stampfer, et al. (1998). “Multivitamin use, folate, and colon cancer in women in the Nurses’ Health Study.” Annals of Internal Medicine 129: 517 – 524
Guyonnet, D., Belloir, C., Suschetet, M., Siess, M.H., Le Bon, A.M. (2001) Antimutagenic activity of organosulfur compounds from Allium is associated with phase II enzyme induction. Mut Res 496(1-2)135-142
Harada, S., D. P. Agarwal, et al. (2001). “Metabolic and ethnic determinants of alcohol drinking habits and vulnerability to alcohol-related disorder.” Alcohol Clin Exp Res 25(5 Suppl ISBRA): 71S-75S.
Inoue, K., T. Asao, et al. (2000). “Ethnic-related differences in the frequency distribution of genetic polymorphisms in the CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 genes in Japanese and Caucasian populations.” Xenobiotica 30(3): 285-95.1.
Jacques, P. F., A. G. Bostom, et al. (1996). “Relation between folate status, a common mutation in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, and plasma homocysteine concentrations.” Circulation 93(1): 7-9.
Kang, Z. C., S. J. Tsai, et al. (1999). “Quercetin inhibits benzo[a]pyrene-induced DNA adducts in human Hep G2 cells by altering cytochrome P-450 1A1 gene expression.” Nutr Cancer 35(2): 175-9.
Lampe, J.W., C.Chen et al. (2000). “Modulation of human glutathione S-transferases by botanically defined vegetable diets.” Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers Preview 9(8):787-93.
Landi, S. (2000). “Mammalian class theta GST and differential susceptibility to carcinogens: a review.” Mutat Res 463(3): 247-83.
Lanza, E; Schatzkin, A, Daston, C, Corle, D; Freedman, L, Ballard-Barbash, R, Caan, B, Lance, P, Marshall, J, Iber, F, Shike, M, Weissfeld, J, Slattery, M, Paskett, E, Mateski, D, Albert, P, and the PPT Study Group (2001). “Implementation of a 4-y, high-fiber, high-fruit-and-vegetable, low-fat dietary intervention: results of dietary changes in the Polyp Prevention Trial 1, 2” Am J Clin Nutr 74:387-401
Lin HJ, Probst-Hensch NM, Louie AD, Kau IH, Witte JS, Ingles SA, Frankl HD, Lee ER, Haile RW. (1998 Aug). “Glutathione transferase null genotype, broccoli, and lower prevalence of colorectal adenomas.” Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 7(8):647-52.
London, S. J., J. M. Yuan, et al. (2000). “Isothiocyanates, glutathione S-transferase M1 and T1 polymorphisms, and lung-cancer risk: a prospective study of men in Shanghai , China .” Lancet 356(9231): 724-9.
Lutz, W. K. (1999). “Carcinogens in the diet vs overnutrition. Individual dietary habits, malnutrition, and genetic susceptibility modify carcinogenic potency and cancer risk.” Mutation Research 443: 251-258
Michaud DS, Spiegelman D, et al..(1999). “Fruit and vegetable intake and incidence of bladder cancer in a male prospective cohort.” J Natl Cancer Inst 91(7): 605-13.
Miller MC 3rd, Mohrenweiser HW, Bell DA. (2001) “Genetic variability in susceptibility and response to toxicants.” Toxicol Lett 120(1-3):269-80
Nijhoff, W.A., T.P. Mulder et al. (1995). “Effects of consumption of Brussels sprouts on plasma and urinary glutathione S-transferase class-alpha and -pi in humans.” Carcinogenesis 16(4): 955-7.
Parke, D.V. (1999). “Antioxidants and disease prevention: mechanisms of action”. Antioxidants in Human Health. CABI Publishing.
Perera, F. P. and I. B. Weinstein (2000). “Molecular epidemiology: recent advances and future directions.” Carcinogenesis 21(3): 517-24.
Rozen, R. (2000). “Genetic modulation of homocysteinemia.” Semin Thromb Hemost 26(3): 255-61.
Sandhu MS, White IR, McPherson K. (2001). “Systematic review of the prospective cohort studies on meat consumption and colorectal cancer risk: a meta-analytical approach.” Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 10(5): 439-46
Schuppe HC, Wieneke P, Donat S, Fritsche E, Kohn FM, Abel J. (2000). “Xenobiotic metabolism, genetic polymorphisms and male infertility.” Andrologia 32(4-5): 255-62
Sinha R, Chow WH, Kulldorff M, Denobile J, Butler J, Garcia-Closas M, Weil R, Hoover RN, Rothman N. (1999). “Well-done, grilled red meat increases the risk of colorectal adenomas.” Cancer Res 59(17): 4320-4
Smith TJ, Yang CS. (2000). “Effect of organosulfur compounds from garlic and cruciferous vegetables on drug metabolism enzymes.” Drug Metabol Drug Interact 17(1-4):23-49
Spiteri, M. A., A. Bianco, et al. (2000). “Polymorphisms at the glutathione S-transferase, GSTP1 locus: a novel mechanism for susceptibility and development of atopic airway inflammation.” Allergy 55(Suppl 61): 15-20.
Steinkellner H, Rabot S, Freywald C, Nobis E, Scharf G, Chabicovsky M, Knasmuller S, Kassie F. (2001). “Effects of cruciferous vegetables and their constituents on drug metabolizing enzymes involved in the bioactivation of DNA-reactive dietary carcinogens.” Mutat Res 480-481: 285-97
Strange, R. C., M. A. Spiteri, et al. (2001). “Glutathione-S-transferase family of enzymes.” Mutat Res 482(1-2): 21-6.
Sunder-Plassmann, G., M. Fodinger, et al. (2000). “Effect of high dose folic acid therapy on hyperhomocysteinemia in hemodialysis patients: results of the Vienna multicenter study.” J Am Soc Nephrol 11(6): 1106-16.
Takeshita, T. and K. Morimoto (2000). “Accumulation of hemoglobin-associated acetaldehyde with habitual alcohol drinking in the atypical ALDH2 genotype.” Alcohol Clin Exp Res 24(1): 1-7.
Ueland, P. M., S. Hustad , et al. (2001). “Biological and clinical implications of the MTHFR C677T polymorphism.” Trends Pharmacol Sci 22(4): 195-201.
Vakevainen S, Tillonen J, Agarwal DP, Srivastava N, Salaspuro M. (2000). “High salivary acetaldehyde after a moderate dose of alcohol in ALDH2-deficient subjects: strong evidence for the local carcinogenic action of acetaldehyde.” Alcohol Clin Exp Res 22(4): 195-201
Van Iersel, M.L., H. Verhagen et al. (1999). “The role of biotransformation in dietary (anti)carcinogenesis.” Mutation Research 443(1-2): 259-70.
Van Landeghem, G. F., P. Tabatabaie, et al. (1999). “Ethnic variation in the mitochondrial targeting sequence polymorphism of MnSOD.” Hum Hered 49(4): 190-3.
Verhoeff, B. J., M. D. Trip, et al. (1998). “The effect of a common methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase mutation on levels of homocysteine, folate, vitamin B12 and on the risk of premature atherosclerosis.”Atherosclerosis 141(1): 161-6.
Wang, X., B. Zuckerman, et al. (2002) “Maternal cigarette smoking, metabolic gene polymorphism, and infant birth weight.” Journal of the American Medical Association 287(2): 195 – 202
Willett WC. (1995). ”Diet, nutrition, and avoidable cancer”. Environ Health Perspect 103(Suppl 8): 165-170
Williams JA, Martin FL, Muir GH, Hewer A, Grover PL, Phillips DH. (2000). “Metabolic activation of carcinogens and expression of various cytochromes P450 in human prostate tissue.” Carcinogenesis 21(9): 1683-9.
Yamauchi M, Takeda K, Sakamoto K, Searashi Y, Uetake S, Kenichi And H, Toda G. (2001). “Association of polymorphism in the alcohol dehydrogenase 2 gene with alcohol-induced testicular atrophy.” Alcohol Clin Exp Res 25( Suppl 6): 16-8
Yokoyama A, Muramatsu T, Ohmori T, Yokoyama T, Okuyama K, Takahashi H, Hasegawa Y, Higuchi S, Maruyama K, Shirakura K, Ishii H. (1998). “Alcohol-related cancers and aldehyde dehydrogenase- 2 inJapanese alcoholics.” Carcinogenesis 19(8):1383-7
Zhao B, Seow A, Lee EJ, Poh WT, Teh M, Eng P, Wang YT, Tan WC, Yu MC, Lee HP. (2001). “Dietary isothiocyanates, glutathione S-transferase -M1, -T1 polymorphisms and lung cancer risk among Chinese women in Singapore .” Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 10(10): 1063-7
Zusterzeel PL, Nelen WL, Roelofs HM, Peters WH, Blom HJ, Steegers EA. (2000). “Polymorphisms in biotransformation enzymes and the risk for recurrent early pregnancy loss.” Mol Hum Reprod 6(5): 474-8
Sen CK. Nutritional biochemistry of cellular glutathione. Nutr Biochem 1997;8:660-72.
Flagg EW, Coates RJ, Jones DP, et al. Dietary glutathione intake and the risk of oral and pharyngeal cancer. Am J Epidemiol 1994;139:453-65.
Donnerstag B, Ohlenschläger, Cinatl J, et al. Reduced glutathione and S-acetylglutathione as selective apoptosis-inducing agents in cancer therapy. Cancer Lett 1996;110:63-70.
Trickler D, Shklar G, Schwartz J. Inhibition of oral carcinogenesis by glutathione. Nutr Cancer1993;20:139-44.
Julius M, Lang C, Gleiberman L, et al. Glutathione and morbidity in a community-based sample of elderly. J Clin Epidemiol 1994;47:1021-6.
Hagen TM, Wierzbicka GT, Sillau AH, et al. Fate of dietary glutathione: disposition in the gastrointestinal tract. Am J Physiol 1990;259(4Pt1):G530-5.
Favilli F, Marraccini P, Iantomasis T, Vincenzini MT. Effect of orally administered glutathione on glutathione levels in some organs of rats: role of specific transporters. Br J Nutr 1997;78:293-300.
Witschi A, Reddy S, Stofer B, Lauterburg BH. The systemic availability of oral glutathione. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1992;43:667-9.
Hunjan MK, Evered DF. Absorption of glutathione from the gastro-intestinal tract. Biochim Biophys Acta1985;815:184-8.
Johnston CS, Meyer CG, Srilakshmi JC. Vitamin C elevates red blood cell glutathione in healthy adults.Am J Clin Nutr 1993;58:103-5.
Bunin AIa, Filina AA, Erchev VP. A glutathione deficiency in open-angle glaucoma and the approaches to its correction. Vestn Oftalmol 1992;108:13-5 [in Russian].
Amores-Sanchez MI, Medina MA. Glutamine, as a precursor of glutathione, and oxidative stress. Mol Genet Metab 1999;67:100-5.
Wang ST , Chen HW, Sheen LY, Lii CK. Methionine and cysteine affect glutathione level, glutathione-related enzyme activities and the expression of glutathione S-transferase isozymes in rat hepatocytes. J Nutr 1997;127:2135-41.
Vendemiale G, Altomare E, Trizio T, et al. Effects of oral S-adenosyl-L-methionine on hepatic glutathione in patients with liver disease. Scand J Gastroenterol 1989;24:407-
Bounous G, Gervais F, Amer V, et al. The influence of dietary whey protein on tissue glutathione and the diseases of aging. Clin Invest Med 1989;12:343-9.
Molloy J, Martin JF, Baskerville PA, et al. S-nitrosoglutathione reduces the rate of embolization in humans.Circulation 1998;98:1372-5.
Smyth JF, Bowman A, Perren T, et al. Glutathione reduces the toxicity and improves quality of life of women diagnosed with ovarian cancer treated with cisplatin: results of a double-blind, randomised trial.Ann Oncol 1997;8:569-73.
Cascinu S, Cordella L, Del Ferro E, et al. Neuroprotective effect of reduced glutathione on cisplatin-based chemotherapy in advanced gastric cancer: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Oncol 1995;13:26-32.
Sechi G, Deledda MG, Bua G, et al. Reduced intravenous glutathione in the treatment of early Parkinson’s disease. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 1996;20:1159-70.
Ceriello A, Giugliano D, Quatraro A, Lefebvre PJ. Anti-oxidants show an anti-hypertensive effect in diabetic and hypertensive subjects. Clin Sci 1991;81:739-42.
Lenzi A, Picardo M, Gandini L, et al. Glutathione treatment of dyspermia: effect on the lipoperoxidation process. Hum Reprod 1994;9:2044-50.
Lenzi A, Culasso F, Gandini L, et al. Placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over Testa B, Mesolella M, Testa D. Glutathione in the upper respiratory tract. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1995;104:117-9.
Dalhoff K, Ranek L, Mantoni M, Poulsen HE. Glutathione treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver1992;12:341-3.
Garcia-Giralt E, Perdereau B, Brixy F, et al. Preliminary study of glutathione, L-cysteine and anthocyans (Recancostat Compositum™) in metastatic colorectal carcinoma with malnutrition. Seventh International Congress on Anti-Cancer Treatment, February 3-6, 1996, Paris , France .
Jones DP, Coates RJ, Flagg EW, et al. Glutathione in foods listed in the National Cancer Institutes Health Habits and History Food Frequency Questionnaire. Nutr Cancer 1995;17:57–75.
White AC, Thannickal VJ, Fanburg BL. Glutathione deficiency in human disease. J Nutr Biochem1994;5:218–26.
Nemets B, Stahl Z, Belmaker RH. Addition of omega-3 fatty acid to maintenance medication treatment for recurrent unipolar depressive disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2002;159:477–9.
Hibbeln JR, Umhau JC, Linnoila M, et al. A replication study of violent and nonviolent subjects: cerebrospinal fluid metabolites of serotonin and dopamine are predicted by plasma essential fatty acids. Biol Psychiatry 1998;44:243–9.
Stoll AL, Severus WE, Freeman MP, et al. Omega 3fatty acids in bipolar disorder: a preliminary double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1999;56:407–12.
Regier DA, Narrow WE, Rae DS, et al. The de facto US mental and addictive disorders service system. Epidemiologic Catchment Area prospective 1-year prevalence rates of disorders and services. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1993;50:85–94.
Disclaimer
De beweringen, informatie en producten die worden genoemd op deze site of in dit boek – Hoe veilig van de psychoactieve medicijnen af te komen – zijn niet geëvalueerd door de Amerikaanse Food and Drug Administration en zijn niet goedgekeurd om een ziekte vast te stellen, te behandelen, te genezen of te voorkomen. De informatie die wordt verschaft op deze site of in dit boek – Hoe veilig van de psychoactieve medicijnen af te komen – is uitsluitend bedoeld voor informatiedoeleinden en is niet bedoeld als vervanging van het advies van uw arts. U moet de informatie op deze site niet gebruiken voor het diagnosticeren of behandelen van enig medisch probleem of het voorschrijven van enig medicijn of enige behandeling. Neem contact op met een arts voordat u begint met een programma met een dieet, beweging of voedingssupplementen, voordat u medicatie neemt of als u vermoedt dat u wellicht een gezondheidsprobleem hebt.